The misguided and poorly-named “green revolution” has failed both the planet and people. The climate can’t sustain agriculture’s growing dependence on fossil fuels, just as India’s farmers suffer enormously from an unstable climate. We need immediate action for truly sustainable and equitable food systems grounded in the knowledge and experience of India’s small farmers, who are increasingly adopting natural farming and circular economy practices. Agroecology shares much in common with other approaches to sustainable farming. Agroecology is farming that makes the best use of nature’s goods and services while conserving these resources. Agroecology combines principles of ecology, agronomy, and economic equality for holistic food systems transformation. It seeks to promote biodiversity, conserve natural resources, and enhance the well-being of farmers and their communities. 

Farming in India transcends its role as a mere source of subsistence, encompassing a profound spiritual significance that is deeply interwoven with the country’s cultural fabric and values. Many ancient texts emphasise the utilisation of naturally available resources and highlight diverse cropping patterns. This approach to farming not only nurtured thriving farmlands but also contributed to the remarkable history and flourishing civilisations for which India is renowned. Presently referred to as ‘natural farming’ or ‘organic farming,’ this had been the default way of farming in India.